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UPDATE ON EU MEDICAL DEVICE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Degraded confidence in the safety of medical devices across the EU is noted as the leading cause of the upcoming changes to the regulatory framework for medical devices.Get more news about medical device translation services,you can vist our website!
The dip in EU regulatory confidence also coalesces with, and is partly caused by, technological advancements in the medical devices field.
Technological advances in the industry have expanded far ahead of the EU’s regulatory framework which, legally, has remained static for the better part of two decades. With this regulatory overhaul, the EU hopes to alleviate safety concerns and reclassify devices to better harmonize with international markets.
Updating regulations will also bring with them a renewed need for medical device translation. Compliance with EU regulations through the coveted CE mark will necessitate proper understanding and implementation of the new rules, requiring medical device translation services for labeling, registration, and packaging.
The new measures focus on two general mandates: addressing pre-market device safety and increasing device traceability after market entry. The regulations adapted this year signal a lack of appropriate safety guidelines over the past two decades and the archaic nature of the EU’s previous guidelines.
Illustrative of this problem is the long stretch of time which has passed since significant updates to the regulatory framework were last made. The last councils and directives on EU medical devices law were held in 1990, 1993, and 1998 with each round of councils applying to a single category of medical devices.
The 1990 council regulated active implantable medical devices while the 1993 and 1998 councils addressed Medical Devices and in Vitro Medical Devices (IVDs) regulation respectively
Medical Devices can be anything from x-ray machines to hip replacements while In Vitro Medical Devices are generally used to test bodily fluid samples in order to acquire diagnostic information.
Altogether, Medical Devices and In Vitro Medical devices make nearly 500,000 devices on the market. Every one of these devices, will, at the very least, require language adoption in labeling over the next three and five years.
WHAT’S CHANGING AND WHERE DOES MEDICAL DEVICE TRANSLATION COME INTO PLAY?
Perhaps the biggest change comes to the regulatory framework itself which used to cover three different legal documents but now only covers two. In Vitro devices will have their own legal document, In vitro Medical Diagnostics Regulation, while active implantable devices as well as non-diagnostic medical devices will be covered by the Medical Devices Regulation.
The new regulations particularly affect In Vitro Medical Devices (IVDs) as they are branded for use by laypersons and medical professionals.
Among major changes noted below, medical device manufacturers will likely need to undergo a full review of their devices – even those that have been on the market with CE marks for some time – to ensure they are fully compliant.
Medical device documentation translation plays a major role in this review, as any information that will be used by the general public or doctors in multi-lingual markets will need to have updates reflected in all the languages it’s available in.
Why are wheelchair lifts so challenging on motorcoaches?
Making motorcoaches accessible to passengers using wheelchairs is important, but wheelchair lifts are challenging for many reasons beyond the cost.Get more news about bus lift exporter,you can vist our website!
The passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990 made it against federal law to discriminate against people with disabilities. This groundbreaking civil rights law forced many industries, including our own, to rethink how we provide services so everyone can have equal access.
As a result, transit buses switched to low-floor buses so the passenger deck is flush with the height of most curbs and sidewalks to accommodate passengers in wheelchairs. But the solution wasn’t as simple for motorcoaches because they require an additional compartment that city transit buses are not built with: luggage space. Passenger decks on motorcoaches, for the most part, are built on top of the luggage base and sit four to six feet above the ground.
Complicated, expensive equipment
For most motorcoaches in the U.S., the boarding process of an ADA passenger is a complex procedure that requires a significant amount of additional training for the driver to ensure the safety of the passenger and the equipment.
In order for a coach to be able to carry a passenger using a wheelchair, a wheelchair lift must first be installed along with an additional entryway, which must also be cut out of the side of the bus because there’s not enough room for the lift on the main entryway approach.
Here’s a big challenge for motorcoach operators: Unlike city buses, which are paid for with tax dollars, motorcoaches in the U.S. are almost always owned by private companies. A wheelchair lift costs around $40,000, and that doesn’t include the cost of cutting a giant hole on the side of your shiny new bus and mounting an additional service door.
I want all of my buses to have wheelchair lifts! Peoria Charter will have around seven ADA lift-equipped motor coaches in our fleet by the end of the summer. Adding wheelchair lifts to all of our coaches would cost $2 million!
Susceptible to parts failure
Another challenge is maintenance. Wheelchair lifts are very complex. Depending on the make and model of the coach bus, some of these lifts are mounted midship – or in the middle of the coaches, where the luggage bay would normally be. As an alternative, some motorcoaches build these lifts on the rear of the coach.
These lifts are hydraulically powered, with lots of computer chips and circuit boards that control the lifts. Over time, these lifts are subjected to a lot of vibration and temperature and climate variations, which can cause those sensitive computer chips to fail.
From experience, I will say that the rear-mounted lifts deteriorate a lot faster than those that are mounted in the luggage compartment in the middle of the coach. Luggage bays are sealed a bit better and keep the lifts and electronics out of the elements compared to lifts in the rear compartment, which are exposed to salt, moisture, heat and freezing conditions all year round.
Another challenge: These lifts can be extremely quirky and cause a lot of problems if the lift is not on completely level ground. The bottom flap of the lift will just simply not lower, preventing the passenger using the wheelchair from rolling onto the platform. I understand the safety concept of building the lifts that way, but I’m talking about even a slight incline of an entryway of a parking lot or some of those street side dips for drainage. Considering that buses pick up their passengers along the street side 99% of the time, one would think that an engineer would take that into consideration.
Sleek Socket Ultra-Thin Outlet Cover,
It's a pesky downside to the miraculous tech-driven world we live in: The more gadgets we own, the more unsightly cables and wires we have dangling, tangling and winding around our homes. If there only were an easy way to corral that sprawling mess. (Spoiler alert: There is!). Enter the Sleek Socket Ultra-Thin Outlet Cover, an inexpensive way to manage the rats' nest that's accumulated around your electronics.Get more news about Extension Socket Company,you can vist our website!
Meanwhile, the Sleek Socket Electrical Outlet Cover has a three-foot cable itself that can be easily hidden away behind your electronics, clamped to your baseboard or stowed behind your workstation. The end result is a unified solution that blends into the background. It's perfect for apartment dwellers whose lease prevents them from a more invasive fix.
The Sleek Socket is genius in its simplicity: All you do is plug it into the socket and the three-foot extension cord can be maneuvered under, around and over any nearby obstacles so you can easily power up your necessities.
It's received over 42,000 five-star reviews on Amazon from verified buyers. "So first off, I have to say this is a genius idea!" began one. "I highly recommend this product because it completely solves the issue of wasting two perfectly usable outlets behind cabinets or shelves. Not to mention each extension cord has an extra three plugs so you literally get triple the number of plugs from one outlet."
"These Sleek Sockets are extremely easy to use," said another. "You just plug them in, direct the cord and hide the plugs. I thought it was really nice that Sleek Socket also created an inverted plug so that I could direct cords upwards (for the TV in my office)."
Use it in bathrooms and kitchens to make them more functional and streamlined. And in bedrooms and living rooms, it keeps furniture flush against walls and no tangled eyesore of cords within view.
At just $24, the Sleek Socket also gives you more space against your walls, since you've no longer got a bunch of plugs bulging out of your outlets. Everything is just flush, flush, flush!
The best subwoofers you can buy in 2023
If you've found your way to this post, you're likely considering adding a subwoofer to your home audio or home theater setup, and we think that's a great idea. Beyond the obvious ideas about subwoofers — that they add big boom and rumble to your movies as well as a swift kick in the chest with your music — adding lower frequencies can also bring depth, drama, and tension to whatever you're watching, even when it's quieter.Get more news about fashion subwoofer speaker,you can vist our website!
A dedicated subwoofer can also take a significant amount of strain off of your amplifier, resulting in cleaner sound and higher dynamics from the other speakers in your system. Additionally, many of the powered speaker solutions s we're seeing in the market also come with subwoofer-out ports, so you can significantly improve their bass sound.
While the fantastic SVS SB16-Ultra is our favorite, we've also collected a list of alternatives ranging from the budget $130 range to the higher-end $2,000-plus mark, each with its own specific strengths, ranging from auto-equalization to saving on space without giving up the bass. Let's get bumpin'.
The SVS SB-16 Ultra has been on our list for some time, mainly because we haven't found anything worthy to take its place. This subwoofer has become our measuring stick, which might actually be unfair to the competition — it's that good. Beneath a sleek, stylish subwoofer box, the cubic SVS SB16 houses a monstrous 16-inch Ultra driver with an 8-inch, edge-wound voice coil and a ridiculous 1,500-watt continuous Sledge amplifier with discrete MOSFET output that tops out at 5,000 watts peak power.
Additionally, a smartphone app for iOS and Android has upped the SB16 Ultra's game significantly, taking the pain out of setting up your sub by allowing you to fine-tune the speaker from your optimal listening position and create custom presets for different listening situations.
All of this is to say: No matter how you're using the SB16, it impresses. Gunshots and explosions in films register with a hefty thump to the chest, and the sub manages low-end instrumentation beautifully, allowing acoustic bass to bounce smoothly while electronic bass and kick drums shake the foundation of your home. For our money, this is the best subwoofer you can buy, period.
Monoprice has quickly risen through the ranks of AV stardom, outputting top-notch hardware that looks awesome, sounds great, and is priced competitively. And if you're looking for some rumble but don't want the tumble of big-budget prices, look no further than the mighty Monoprice 150-Watt Powered Subwoofer.
Rocking a 12-inch, front-firing driver that peaks at 200 watts, the sub comes with all the standard fare we'd expect from pretty much any reasonable woofer, including gain and frequency adjustments in addition to standard RCA connections and line-level inputs and outputs.
Klipsch is constantly reinventing its own wheel, and when you consider the fact that there aren't many problems to address in the first place, it only goes to show just how much the brand cares about looks and performance. Thus, we arrive at the Klipsch Reference Series 12 R-121SW.
We love the fact that Klipsch went back to the drawing board to create an all-new woofer design. The sub's front-firing 12-inch cone is composed of what the company calls thermoform crystalline polymer, delivering a resounding low-end experience with minimal distortion, and with a much lighter chassis. There's also the onboard digital amplifier, the heart and lungs of the 121SW, supplying up to 400 watts of unequaled power with pinpoint accuracy.
China Box Office: ‘Born to Fly’ Leads Busy May Day Weekend
Born to Fly,” an action movie about the prowess of the Chinese air force and the bravery of its aviators, topped the China box office chart over a weekend that led into the nearly week-long May Day holiday.To get more news about new chinese movies, you can visit shine news official website.
Data from consultancy Artisan Gateway shows the film earned $44 million (RMB279 million) between Friday and Sunday.
The weekend as a whole brought in $121 million of turnstile revenue, the fourth highest weekend of the year and weaker only than the three “revenge spending” weekends that drove the Chinese New Year period in January and early February.
“Born to Fly” was followed by “Godspeed,” a comedy road trip title about a father-daughter relationship and the need for inter-generational understanding.While critics and supporters had described “Born to Fly” as China’s response to “Top Gun,” Chinese state media openly likened “Godspeed” to another U.S. title, “Meet the Parents.” Directed by Yi Xiaoxing who previously attracted plagiarism claims with his 2020 “Bath Buddy,” “Godspeed” earned $31.6 million.
“Born to Fly” had previously been scheduled to release in the October National Day holiday frame. But it was pulled at the last minute with no explanation. It skipped the Chinese New Year holiday season in January and landed instead in the crowded May Day weekend (April 29-May 3) slot.
Imax reported that the film earned $4.0 million on Imax venues in China accounting for nearly 10% of the film’s nationwide gross.
Local ticketing agencies show that at least 11 new Chinese-produced films debuted on Friday or Saturday. Other sources report that 17 films will release over the duration of the holiday.
Another of the Friday releases, “All these Years” opened in third place. The film is a romantic drama directed and co-written by Layla Ji. Its opening was previously scheduled as May 20.
The top-ranked holdover film was Japanese animation “The First Slam Dunk” which earned $12.3 million in its second weekend. The figure was a 68% week-on-week decline, but leaves the film with a $75.8 million cumulative after 11 days in Chinese cinemas.
“The Procurator,” a drama film about mainland Chinese prosecutors, opened on Saturday and collected $4.3 million in two days. That was enough to earn it fifth place over the weekend.
According to other data-sources, the top-ranked U.S. title in China was “The Super Mario Bros Movie,” which has a $21.5 million cumulative after 26 days in Chinese theaters. That is an underwhelming performance.
Behind Big Names And Under The Radar
Any true watch enthusiast knows that the excellence of function, the execution of design, and the durability of the watch supersede fame and name. So, when it comes to the great underdog watches of these great leading watch brands, true watch aficionados will not be shy of adding them to their valued collection. There is something about watches that meet all expectations of excellence but are still living in the shadows that excite us to shed some light on them.To get more news about panerai submersible replica, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website.
The matte patina-finished stainless steel case of the Panerai Radiomir Eilean (PAM01243) evokes feelings of nostalgia. The lines and edges of the cushion-shaped watch casing neatly mimic the smooth contour lines of the yacht’s hull.
The screw-down hexagonal caseback is finished in the same patina steel and stamped with “Eilean 1936,” the design inspiration for the watch, and is surrounded by a nautical rope ornament etched with the name corresponding to the writing on the ship’s boom.
The brown dial and patina steel case of the Panerai Radiomir Eilean is complemented by the strap, which is made of calf leather from Cuoio Toscano. The watch has a casual attitude that is perfect for lazy days spent taking in the seaside view thanks to its gentle tone and upscale comfort.
The Rolex Explorer series is without a doubt the most versatile in the collection, making this creation excellent for daily use. In 2021, Rolex introduced the Explorer 1, which has a 36mm dial made of oyster steel and yellow gold. This watch is currently unknown to the majority of watch buyers—a treasure that will eventually be uncovered. This watch is ideal thanks to the addition of gold, Rolex’s durability, and the straightforward yet stunning design.
BVLGARI BVLGARI Solotempo
In recent years, the watchmaking world has been obsessed with Bvlgari’s Octo Watches. However, this exquisite design and the dial have hidden behind the curtains for too long.
The BVLGARI BVLGARI Solotempo watch combines elegance with flawless function. The double logo, which drew its design inspiration from the curving letters on ancient Roman coins, still perfectly exemplifies Bvlgari’s unrivaled capacity to weave its rich legacy into classic works of art. The watch pays attention to the original design while striking the perfect mix between creative imagination and memory by transforming the classic band into a modern rubber strap.
The côtes de Genève, chamfering, and snailed finishing of the BVL 191 – Solotempo caliber complement its mechanical manufacturing movement, automatic winding, and date. It boasts a 42-hour power reserve and a 41 mm stainless steel case that has been treated with black Diamond Like Carbon. It is secured to a black rubber strap, an interchangeable brown calf leather strap, and an ardillon buckle.
Blancpain Villeret Quantième Complet 8 Jours
Blancpain’s commonly associated with its most famous model, the Fifty Fathoms. As a diver’s timepiece, this one is well regarded for its reliability and sleek functionality. However, the Villeret Collection is truly a gem that needs more attention.
Aptly thought of as the house’s most traditional line, it is named after the village, Villeret where the company was founded. These types reflect our primary aesthetic values and are firmly rooted in our history and culture. Their double-stepped slimness, clean dials, and simple designs convey the fundamentals of understated sophistication.
A Ground-Breaking Complication Debut In Three New References
The name “Panerai” has become synonymous with high-quality instruments used by the Italian military for over a century. When the Royal Italian Navy needed high-precision instruments, they turned to Guido Panerai, whose 1916 patent for Radiomir (an illuminant based on radium) set the ball in motion.To get more news about panerai ferrari replica, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website.
Panerai: Radiomir Annual Calendar: A Ground-Breaking Complication Debut In Three New ReferencesThis is a historic debut for Panerai at Watches & Wonders 2023. This calendar is the first of its kind in the Radiomir series. The Luminor line has always been the center of attention, but this innovation has thrust the Radiomir line into the spotlight.
Panerai’s new in-house movement, the Annual Calendar, is an elaborate timepiece that displays not only the seconds, minutes, hours, and days of the year but also the months of the year.
Despite the Annual Calendar’s reputation as a difficult complication, Panerai has built a name for itself by creating timepieces with simple, straightforward mechanisms. In reality, the dial makes it possible to show all relevant data. The day and the date are shown through separate dials at 3 o’clock. There is a fixed arrow at 3 o’clock that points to the external rotating disc on which the current month is shown. At the turn of each month, the disc spins once with the help of a cam in the mechanism, so the data is always up-to-date.
In addition, the mechanism will automatically adjust for months with 30 or 31 days. Every year at the end of February, a setting is required. After setting the month and date, a corrector on the left side of the case allows you to change the day click by click, ensuring that the time is always legible and functional.
Panerai’s automatic P.9010/AC caliber powers the Annual Calendar, a timepiece that combines the brand’s signature Italian design aesthetic with the precision Swiss watchmaking of Panerai. The intriguing complication is displayed in a sapphire crystal open-back case, and Maison’s distinguishing codes—including Italian text for the months, days, and the name of the complication itself, Calendario Annuale—are featured on the sandwich dial.
The 45mm cushion case, signature sun-brushed sandwich dial filled with Super-Luminova® cone-shaped crown, and the radial brushed finish on the dial are all hallmarks of the Radiomir design.
Panerai’s new movement is paired with cases made from the company’s proprietary materials, furthering the company’s commitment to technical innovation. The 45mm GoldtechTM case of the PAM01363 houses a sun-brushed blue shaded dial with a light center and darker gradient at the edges, as well as a blue hand-dyed matt alligator strap. Panerai GoldtechTM is an innovative gold material with a combination of platinum and copper that gives it a strikingly red hue.
Panerai launches the new Luminor BiTempo
The spirit that defines Panerai watches and the people who wear them is not confined to a specific pursuit or destination; instead, it is a way of being that extends to any endeavor, a passionate engagement with the world that reaches beyond a single point on a map or location. The Luminor BiTempo watch exudes refinement and ease and, through its GMT feature, can simultaneously track the time in two different time zones, near or distant. All the while, it maintains the characteristic features and quality that are definitively Panerai.To get more news about https://www.paneraireplica.co, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website.
The new watch has been interpreted in two distinct color palettes, each with a compelling, assured presence and built on the foundation of a 44mm steel case. The first centers on a lively blue sun-brushed dial with an alligator strap in the same rich hue (PAM01361); the second has a matte black dial and matching alligator strap (PAM01360). In both colors, Luminor BiTempo features a GMT function that indicates the time in a second time zone with a hand in vivid cerulean blue to ensure visibility at a glance
A subdial at five o’clock with a bright blue hand provides a measure of the remaining power reserve, which extends to 72 hours when fully wound. The sandwich dial, a signature presence in the Panerai design vocabulary, exhibits subtle updates that reveal the unending process of perfecting the brand’s icons. The date window at three o’clock is larger than those that preceded it, and its beveled aperture is the first instance of a feature that will appear in future models.
Italian text inscribed on the dial highlights key features—BiTempo refers to its GMT function, while the word “ore” indicates the hours remaining in the power reserve—to affirm the brand’s Italian DNA. The design sophistication and originality for which Panerai is recognized and its experience in crafting instruments for navy divers are inseparable from its Italian origins. This heritage sets it apart from other Swiss-made watches
Calibre P.9012 powers the new Luminor models; the self-winding automatic movement is fully visible through a sapphire crystal display caseback. Water-resistant to 30 bar (~300 meters) Luminor BiTempo features a brushed steel buckle. Also included is an additional rubber strap and a tool to allow interchangeability of the straps and a screwdriver for removing the buckle.
Founded in Florence in 1860 as a workshop, shop and subsequently school of watch-making, for many decades Panerai supplied the Italian Navy and its specialist diving corps in particular with precision instruments. The designs developed by Panerai in that time, including the Luminor and Radiomir, were covered by the Military Secrets Act for many years and were launched on the international market only after the brand was acquired by Richemont in 1997.
Today Panerai develops and crafts its movements and watches at its Neuchâtel manufacture. The latter are a seamless melding of Italian design flair and history with Swiss horological expertise. Panerai watches are sold across the world through an exclusive network of distributors and Panerai boutiques.
Luminor Due TuttoOro Raises The Bar On Luxury
Panerai is a trusted companion of explorers setting out for territories few dare to pursue, from the desolate reaches of the North Pole to forbidding dives hundreds of meters below the surface of the sea and expeditions to the distant abyss of outer space. The brand remains unwavering in its focus on creating instruments that are dependable in treacherous conditions and continues to invent novel solutions to enhance their performance. But Panerai also challenges itself to push limits and defy expectations in the realm of design codes. With the launch of the Panerai Luminor Due TuttoOro collection, Panerai reveals its first watches featuring gold bracelets.To get more news about paneraireplica.co, you can visit paneraireplica.co official website.
Luminor Due TuttoOro imbues one of the most elegant watches in the Panerai portfolio with a greater aura of luxury. Slim contours and a tailored, uncomplicated style distinguish Luminor Due and allow it to transition from the most casual occasions to formal wear and complement wearers of any gender. The 38mm case and bracelet are forged from Panerai Goldtech?, incorporating high copper content and platinum. Panerai Goldtech? is a material that is integral to the Panerai identity. Copper contributes to the deep, red tone of the metal, while the platinum content ensures the color will remain radiant and true.
The legacy of the brand’s renowned crown protection device contributes to the bracelet’s design. Each link takes the profile of the iconic mechanism and applications of adjacent polished and brushed finishes giving it added dimension. While the rectangular segment of each link has a polished finish, the rounded areas display a brushed surface.
The Luminor Due TuttoOro features a sun-brushed sandwich dial, a subtly textured surface that moves light along its expanse with the barest motion, and displays minutes, hours, small seconds and the date. It is available in two colors, white and deep, marine blue; the latter will be sold in Panerai boutiques exclusively.
Automatic calibre P.900 powers the Panerai Luminor Due TuttoOro. Measuring only 4.2mm thick, it is the first Panerai movement of its size to combine the date function and a three-day power reserve.
Chinese tech entrepreneurs keen to 'de-China' as tensions with US soar
For the ambitious Chinese tech entrepreneur, expanding into the U.S. just keeps getting harder.To get more china tech news, you can visit shine news official website.
Before 2019, there were few major impediments to having a Chinese company that did business in the U.S. from China. But amid escalating U.S.-Sino trade tensions, particularly after Washington slapped sanctions on telecom giant Huawei (HWT.UL), some Chinese firms began setting up headquarters overseas - moves that could help them draw less U.S. government attention.Now, some mainland China tech business owners say they need to go further and gain permanent residency or citizenship abroad to avoid the curbs on and the biases against Chinese companies in the United States.
Shenzhen-based Ryan, who declined to give his family name due to fear of reprisals in China, says his three-year-old software startup has reached the point where it would be natural to expand in the U.S. - the world's biggest economy. His firm already has a million users in East Asia and a strong base in North America.
But he's dismayed by the U.S.-China trade spats and the restrictions on a growing number of Chinese companies that have been imposed, or are being proposed, by U.S. lawmakers.It's very unfair," he said, lamenting that competitors from other countries did not face similar issues when trying to expand into the United States.
"We feel a lot like the filling sandwiched in the middle of a biscuit."
His solution? He's trying to gain permanent residency in another Asian country.
Reuters spoke to seven tech entrepreneurs from mainland China, most of them educated overseas, who would like to expand their businesses in the United States. All are trying to gain permanent residency or citizenship elsewhere, with most exploring a range of options including Hong Kong, Canada, Japan, the United States and Singapore.
Of the seven entrepreneurs, three agreed to be identified by their English first names only while the others requested complete anonymity, all citing concerns about repercussions within China. They also asked that their businesses not be described in detail.While U.S.-China tensions may have been given new impetus under the Trump administration which levied tariffs broadly and imposed sanctions on Huawei, the friction has continued unabated under President Joe Biden as both countries vie for global tech pre-eminence.
Major flashpoints include U.S. export curbs on chips and data security concerns that have seen ByteDance-owned TikTok banned on U.S. government devices and altogether by the state of Montana. For its part, China recently blocked key industries from using Micron Technology (MU.O) products and has sought to rein in foreign consultancies and due diligence firms.
Geopolitical tensions have meant a far less friendly atmosphere for mainland Chinese companies wanting to operate or gain funding in the United States, the entrepreneurs and consultants say.
"The political narrative in Washington DC and in many state capitals is based on the misconception that all Chinese companies are intertwined with and taking direction from the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party," says James McGregor, chairman for Greater China at U.S. communications consultancy APCO Worldwide.
The U.S. Commerce Department did not respond to a request for comment on attitudes towards Chinese companies within the United States.
China's foreign ministry said in a statement that some Western countries want to "politicize technology, putting up obstacles to regular technology and trade cooperation, which benefits neither side, and adversely affects global technological advancement and economic growth."